Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as therapeutic targets in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is utilized for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, but its clinical application is hampered by life-threatening cardiotoxicity including cardiac dilation and heart failure. Mitochondrial quality control processes, including mitochondrial proteostasis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, serve to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Importantly, recent advances have unveiled a major role for defective mitochondrial quality control in the etiology of DOX cardiomyopathy. Moreover, specific interventions targeting these quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial function have emerged as potential therapeutic strategies to attenuate DOX cardiotoxicity. However, clinical translation is challenging because of obscure mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights regarding the role of mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of DOX cardiotoxicity, and to explore promising therapeutic approaches targeting these mechanisms to aid clinical management.     

癌症生存者家庭适应相关测量工具的研究进展

介绍家庭适应的相关概念及起源,阐述家庭适应方面常用测量工具的发展历程、内容结构、适用人群、评分方法、信度与效度、应用现状等情况,以期能够指导临床工作者在实践过程中选择合适的家庭适应测量工具,旨在帮助研究者进一步开发适用于我国癌症生存者的特异性家庭适应测量工具。     

Genetically predicted childhood obesity and adult atrial fibrillation: A mendelian randomization study

Background and aimsIt is unclear whether the association of childhood obesity with adult atrial fibrillation observed in observational studies reflects causal effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of childhood obesity with adult atrial fibrillation using genetic instruments.Methods and resultsWe used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to evaluate the association between childhood obesity and adult atrial fibrillation. Two sets of genetic variants (15 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] for childhood body mass index [BMI] and 12 SNPs for dichotomous childhood obesity) were selected as instruments. Summary data on SNP-childhood obesity and SNP-atrial fibrillation associations were obtained from recently published genome-wide association studies. Effect estimates were evaluated using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods. Other MR analyses, including MR-Egger, simple and weighted median, weighted MBE and MR-PRESSO methods were performed in sensitivity analyses.The IVW models showed that both a genetically predicted one-standard deviation increase in childhood BMI (kg/m²) and higher log-odds of childhood obesity were associated with a substantial increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34, P < 0.001; OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14, P < 0.001). MR-Egger regression showed no evidence of genetic pleiotropy for childhood BMI (intercept = 0.000, 95% CI: ?0.024 to 0.023), but for childhood obesity (intercept = ?0.036, 95% CI: ?0.057 to ?0.015). Similar results were observed using leave-one-out and other MR methods in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis MR analysis found a consistent association between genetically predicted childhood obesity and an increased risk of adult atrial fibrillation. Further research is warranted to validate our findings.     

早期左侧乳腺癌保乳术后大分割放疗同期瘤床加量的安全性及心脏亚结构剂量评估的重要性研究

背景与目的： 早期乳腺癌保乳术后辅助大分割放疗已被指南推荐,但大分割放疗同期瘤床加量是否可行目前尚无定论。本随机对照研究对大分割同期瘤床加量和常规分割同期瘤床加量两种放疗计划的心脏剂量学参数和心超指标等进行比较,以评估前者在心脏毒性方面的安全性。方法： 纳入复旦大学附属中山医院2017年3月—2018年3月收治的符合入组标准的早期乳腺癌保乳术后左侧乳腺癌患者40例,随机分为两组,20例制定大分割同期瘤床加量放疗计划（全乳放疗剂量4 005 cGy/15次,同期瘤床加量至4 500 cGy/15次）,20例制定常规分割同期瘤床加量放疗计划（全乳放疗剂量5 000 cGy/25次,同期瘤床加量至6 000 cGy/25次）,比较两组患者的心脏剂量学参数和心脏超声检查指标,剂量学参数包括全心脏、左心室、右心室、右室游离壁、室间隔和冠状动脉左前降支（left anterior descending,LAD）的平均剂量（D_mean）以及各结构受到5~35 Gy照射的相对体积分数（V_{5 Gy}~V_{35 Gy}）。心超随访指标包括主动脉根部直径、左房内径、左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、肺动脉收缩压、左室射血分数、E峰、A峰、E峰减速时间（E-peak deceleration time,DT）、E、A、E/A和S波峰值。此外,对两组放疗后乳房的美容效果也进行评估。结果： 大分割组和常规分割组全心脏的D_mean分别为（471.86±170.54）和（733.07±79.11）cGy（P<0.05）,全心脏的V_{20 Gy}为（3.63±1.74）%和（8.43±0.74）%（P <0.05）,V_{30 Gy}为（1.55±1.15）%和（4.48±1.01）%（P<0.05）,LAD的D_mean分别为（1 250.17±600.33）和（1 847.20±933.23）cGy（P>0.05）,左心室的D_mean分别（908.64±865.60）和（946.93±116.13）cGy（P>0.05）,右心室的D_mean分别为（590.37±197.99）和（905.73±180.82）cGy（P<0.05）,右室游离壁的D_mean分别为（939.40±284.23）和（1 597.30±446.31）cGy（P <0.05）,室间隔的D_mean分别为（637.49±248.19）和（988.60±159.77）cGy（P<0.05）。随访1年,大分割组与常规分割组相比,心超指标均在正常区间,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组美容效果也无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论： 大分割同期瘤床加量放疗计划较常规分割计划可以显著降低全心脏和部分心脏亚结构的受照剂量,随访1年心超指标无异常,临床采用本研究所用的剂量分割方式是安全可行的。仅限制全心脏剂量无法有效保护LAD,建议勾画心脏亚结构并单独限制剂量以更好地保护心脏。     

基于患者出射EPID剂量验证的在体调强放疗质控技术研究

背景与目的：调强放疗（intensity-modulated radiation therapy，IMRT）中剂量投照失误可导致严重后果，而目前常用的治疗前计划验证方法并不能反映患者真实投照剂量。实现一种评估患者在体剂量执行准确度的方法，能够在分次治疗中及时发现较大剂量错误，避免发生患者投照剂量过高或不足。方法：复旦大学附属肿瘤医院收治的患者首次实施治疗前行锥形束计算机断层成像（cone beam computed tomography，CBCT）扫描，与定位CT图像进行配准保证治疗体位与模拟定位时一致，实时治疗中使用电子射野影像装置（electronic portal imaging device，EPID）获取患者出射剂量影像，并把首次出射EPID影像作为剩余分次治疗的基准值，后续分次实时治疗野结束后快速将其出射EPID影像与对应基准影像进行γ分析比较，以验证治疗计划是否准确执行于患者身上。设计模体实验对治疗部位错误和摆位误差情况进行分析，来评估本方法识别放疗差错的准确性。结果：本方法可有效地识别出IMRT放疗中患者治疗部位错误和非平行于射野角度方向的摆位误差，但对平行于射野角度方向的摆位误差并不敏感，30例鼻咽癌患者临床应用结果中能够直观显示分次治疗间摆位重复性情况。结论：基于EPID实现的一种在体剂量验证方法能够对调强放疗中患者实时剂量的准确性进行评估，在单个治疗野结束后可快速检测出较大治疗错误。